Like other contract rights, the right to insurance proceeds can be assigned, giving the assignee the right to recover under the policy.
This issue is discussed in the 1968, Texas Supreme Court opinion styled, McAllen State Bank v. Texas Bank & Trust Company, Trustee.
Texas Bank claimed proceeds of a life insurance policy as successor to the named beneficiary asserting the policy was pledged as security for a loan made to the deceased.
If a person or entity is not a named beneficiary, can they be an intended beneficiary?
Other persons who may sue for benefits under an insurance contract are “intended beneficiaries” also known as “third party beneficiaries.”
A third party for whose benefit an insurance contract is made may enforce the insurance contract against the promissor. As discussed in the 1985, opinion from the 14th Court of Appeals, styled, Hermann Hosp. v. Liberty Life Assur. Co., the controlling factor in determining whether a third party may enforce a contract is the intention of the contracting parties.
An additional insured is a party protected under an insurance policy, but who is not named within the policy. A common example of an additional insured is a person who, although not specifically named, is covered under a liability policy by a definition of “insured” that extends protection to interests, strictly according to a status, such as employees or common members of a household. This is most commonly seen in personal automobile polices such as when a friend drives a car with the owners permission. A party typically becomes an additional named insured pursuant to an agreement obligating the named insured to add the additional named insured to the named insured’s pre-existing insurance policy. This is discussed in the 1997, Austin Court of Appeals opinion styled, Western Indem. Ins. Co. v. American Physicians Ins. Exch.
The Western Indemnity case is a summary judgment ruling. In the case, the wording of the policy was discussed at length. In making it’s ruling the court noted that both the terms “additional insured” and “additional named insured” have clear technical meanings. An additional insured is a party protected under an insurance policy, but who is not named within the policy. A common example of an additional insured is a person who, although not specifically named, is covered under a liability policy by a definition of “insured” that extends protection to interests, strictly according to a status, such as employees or common members of a household. On the other hand, an additional named insured is a person or entity specifically named in the policy as an insured subsequent to the issuance of the original policy. A party typically becomes an additional named insured pursuant to an agreement obligating the named insured to add the additional named insured to the named insured’s pre-existing insurance policy.
As in all situations where an insurance company is not promptly paying a claim for coverage, a person should seek the help of an Experienced Insurance Law Attorney.
Insurance attorneys always have to answer the above question when looking at an insurance policy case. This issue is discussed in the 1972 case from the Texarkana Court of Appeals styled, Doss v. Roberts.
This suit involves the division of monies received from the sale of land found not to be subject to partition in kind. Roberts brought suit to partition 22 acres of land jointly owned with James B. Doss. The jury found that the land was not subject to partition in kind, and the court ordered the land sold and monies divided. The parties each owned an undivided one-half interest in the property. The land was subject to a V.A. loan and lien. Doss purchased insurance on his interest in the dwelling located on the land in the amount of $10,000.00 and named the V.A. as loss payee. The improvements were destroyed. Doss paid the remaining balance due the V.A. in the sum of $8,964.87, and thereafter collected the insurance proceeds of $10,000.00. Roberts contended she was entitled to one-half of the insurance monies because the house was not rebuilt.
The main issue in this case is whether Roberts was entitled to one half of the proceeds from the insurance.
Seeing if there is liability on the insurance policy is one of the first things an insurance attorney needs to do when meeting with a prospective client.
In 1996, the Texas Supreme Court stated in Liberty Nat’l Fire Ins. Co. v. Akin, that insurance coverage claims and bad faith claims are by their nature independent. But, in most circumstances, an insured may not prevail on a bad faith claim without first showing that the insurer breached the contract.
In 1998, the Texas Supreme Court stated in Vail v. Texas Farm Bur. Mut. Ins. Co. that contractual liability is not essential to establish extracontractual liability, but it helps. For example, an insurer that owes policy benefits under the contract may also be found to have acted unfairly in refusing to pay those benefits.
For lawyers who handle claims related to the denial of disability policies, there is some law that they have to know to effectively represent their clients.
Probably 90 percent of disability policies involve payments spread out over a period of time. When a claim for disability benefits is denied it can be anticipated that all future benefits are denied also.
When a insurance company who is obligated by contract to make monthly payments of money to another absolutely repudiates the obligation without just excuse, the obligee is “entitled to maintain his action in damages at once for the entire breach, and is entitled in one suit to receive in damages the present value of all that he would have received if the contract had been performed, and he is not compelled to resort to repeated suits to recover the monthly payments. This was discussed as early as the 1937, Texas Supreme Court opinion styled, Universal Life & Accident Insurance Company v. Sanders. As seen in the 1981, Dallas Court of Appeals opinion, Group Life and Health Insurance Company v. Turner, Repudiation is conduct that shows a fixed intention to abandon, renounce, and refuse to perform the contract.
Whether you are an insurance lawyer in Grand Prairie, or Dallas, or Fort Worth, or anywhere else in Texas, Texas insurance law is the same. And one good part of that law is that there are situations where an oral insurance contract is enforceable.
This is seen in the 1949, Texas Supreme Court opinion, Pacific Fire Ins. Co. v. Donald.
Paul Donald sued four insurance companies to recover for the loss of 5500 bales of hay which were destroyed by fire while stored in a building situated in Bowie, Texas. Donald’s claim was that there was an oral contract between himself and Henry Moore, the insurance agent of the companies. A jury trial resulted in a verdict in favor of Donald and this appeal followed.
One very important aspect of suing an insurance company for bad faith in their claims handling process is that first, with extremely rare exception, you have to prove a breach of the insurance contract.
Insurance policies are contracts, and as such are subject to rules applicable to contracts generally.
A plaintiff seeking to recover on an insurance contract must prove that the contract was in force at the time of the loss. Also, a party who claims under a policy is required to produce the insurance contract upon which he sues or to prove its terms. This was made clear in the 1975, Tyler Court of Appeals opinion, Hartford Acc. & Indem. Co. v. Spain. And, as illustrated in the 1992, Dallas Court of Appeals opinion, St. Paul Ins. Co. v. Rakkar, to prove a breach of contract, the insured has to establish:
Here is something almost any insurance law attorney can tell you:
One of the most common bases for an insurance dispute is the complaint that someone misrepresented something. After a claim arises, the insured may feel that the coverage accepted by the insurer is less than the coverage promised at the time of sale. Depending on the facts of the case, a representation by the insurer or its agent may lead to liability for breach of contract, unfair insurance practices, deceptive trade practices, negligence, or fraud.
In the 2003, 14th Court of Appeals opinion, Vecellio Insurance Agency, Inc. v. Vanguard Underwriters Ins. Co., an insurer had an indemnity cause of action against one of its agents if the agent’s conduct resulted in vicarious liability for the insurer. Further, in the 2002, 14th Court of Appeals opinion, Omni Metals, Inc. v. Poe & Brown of Texas, Inc., it was found by the court that an agent may be held liable for misrepresentation in the case of a bailee liability policy even where the insured failed to read the coverage, where the jury could find that the insurer and the agent misrepresented the extent of coverage under the policy. The 2003, Austin Court of Appeals opinion, New York Life Ins. Co. v. Miller, sets out what constitutes negligent misrepresentation.
It’s probably not right to pick only on State Farm. Most if not all, of the insurance companies or their individual employees will break the rules for their own gain. This is illustrated in a Chicago Tribune story titled, State Farm Pays $250 Million, Ducks Trial Over Allegations It Tried To Rig Illinois Justice System.
The story tells us State Farm agreed to pay $250 million on the brink of a trial to customers who claimed the company tried to rig Illinois justice system to wipe out a $1 billion jury verdict from 19 years ago.
The customers were seeking as much as $8.5 billion in damages in a civil racketeering trial that was set to start Tuesday in federal court in East St. Louis, Illinois. A judge granted preliminary approval to the accord and set a final fairness hearing for December.
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